Effective learning isn't just about finding the easiest path—it's about the right kind of challenge. Two prominent theories—Desirable Difficulties (DDF) and Cognitive Load Theory (CLT)—offer valuable ...

Faced with the impact of COVID-19 in mainland China in 2022, many universities adopted a hybrid approach, combining online and offline teaching. However, limited research has been conducted on hybrid ...

The dominant view in cognitive psychology is that memory includes several distinct and separate systems including episodic memory, semantic memory and associative learning, each with a different set ...

In the ever-evolving landscape of education, it is important to understand how students think and learn so as to be able to teach effectively. Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, profoundly impacted ...

When OpenAI released “study mode” in July 2025, the company touted ChatGPT’s educational benefits. “When ChatGPT is prompted to teach or tutor, it can significantly improve academic performance,” the ...

When discussing learning transfer—the ability to apply previous knowledge, skills, and strategies to new contexts or situations—we should also be mindful of our learners’ cognitive load. Cognitive ...

Proficiency in early math skills lays the groundwork for more advanced mathematical abilities, and socioeconomic disparities in these skills are apparent even before children begin formal schooling (e ...

Behaviorism was born from research done by Ivan Pavlov in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Pavlov’s research into animal digestion led to the recognition that the animals that were being ...

Multimodal models and world models are emerging as promising frameworks for extending language-based AI beyond text, towards ...